Should Marijuana Be Legalized - 1087 Words

Grass, not from your lawn Grass, hemp, wacky tabaccy, ganja, and many other names are what you might have heard as slang for marijuana. It is a cannabis plant that is most commonly used when the leaves are shredded and then hand rolled into cigarettes to be smoke. Many people see marijuana as a gateway drug, leading to other more hardcore drugs. Which is why it has been made illegal by the United States Federal Government in all 50 states. But some states have decided the federal government does not know what the people of their state do or do not need, so they have legalized marijuana for either just medical or recreational as well. This action by some states has lead to people wondering; does allowing a state to take action that opposes or violates federal law undermine the government’s authority? In order to reach an answer for this question we will need to look at both sides of the subject, the federal government and the states’. The federal government makes decisions for the general good of the people of the United States of America. Any laws or statues put in place by them is to keep the population as whole of the U.S. safe. Harry J. Anslinger, the head of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, took the first step of outlawing marijuana by proposing the Marijuana tax act of 1937. The act didn’t make the usage of marijuana illegal but rather posed, at the time, a high tax on anyone in the market of it, as well as enforcement and penalty provisions that marijuana handlersShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?849 Words   |  4 Pageswhether marijuana should be legalized. Around 23 states have legalized marijuana for medical and recreational use. In the state of Illinois, medicinal use of marijuana has been passed on April 17, 2013. Since January 2014, patients are able to obtain marijuana with a doctor s recommendation. The new debate is whether marijuana should be legalized for the general public as a recreational drug. Although some believe that marijuana is harmless, and that it has beneficial medicinal uses, marijuana shouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1715 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana in Society Cannabis, formally known as marijuana is a drug obtained from the tops, stems and leaves of the hemp plant cannabis. The drug is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. Only substances like caffeine, nicotine and alcohol are used more (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). In the U. S. where some use it to feel â€Å"high† or get an escape from reality. The drug is referred to in many ways; weed, grass, pot, and or reefer are some common names used to describe the drug (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). Like mostRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1489 Words   |  6 Pagescannabis plant or marijuana is intended for use of a psychoactive drug or medicine. It is used for recreational or medical uses. In some religions, marijuana is predominantly used for spiritual purposes. Cannabis is indigenous to central and south Asia. Cannabis has been scientifically proven that you can not die from smoking marijuana. Marijuana should be legalized to help people with medical benefits, econo mic benefits, and criminal benefits. In eight states, marijuana was legalized for recreationalRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1245 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana is a highly debatable topic that is rapidly gaining attention in society today.   Legalizing marijuana can benefit the economy of this nation through the creation of jobs, increased tax revenue, and a decrease in taxpayer money spent on law enforcement.   Ã‚  Many people would outlaw alcohol, cigarettes, fast food, gambling, and tanning beds because of the harmful effects they have on members of a society, but this is the United States of America; the land of the free and we should give peopleRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1010 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of marijuana became a heated political subject in the last few years. Twenty-one states in America have legalized medical marijuana. Colorado and Washington are the only states where marijuana can be purchased recreationally. Marijuana is the high THC level part of the cannabis plant, which gives users the â€Å"high† feeling. There is ample evidence that supports the argument that marijuana is beneficial. The government should legalize marijuana recreationally for three main reasonsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1231 Words   |  5 Pagesshows the positive benefits of marijuana, it remains illegal under federal law. In recent years, numerous states have defied federal law and legalized marijuana for both recreational and medicinal use. Arizona has legalized marijuana for medical use, but it still remains illegal to use recreationally. This is absurd, as the evidence gathered over the last few decades strongly supports the notion that it is safer than alcohol, a widely available substance. Marijuana being listed as a Schedule I drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1350 Words   |  6 Pagespolitics in the past decade would have to be the legalization of marijuana. The sale and production of marijuana have been legalized for medicinal uses in over twenty states and has been legalized for recreational uses in seven states. Despite the ongoing support for marijuana, it has yet to be fully legalized in the federal level due to cultural bias against â€Å"pot† smoking and the focus over its negative effects. However, legalizing marijuana has been proven to decrease the rate of incrimination in AmericaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesSHOULD MARIJUANA BE LEGALIZED? Marijuana is a drug that has sparked much controversy over the past decade as to whether or not it should be legalized. People once thought of marijuana as a bad, mind-altering drug which changes a person’s personality which can lead to crime and violence through selling and buying it. In the past, the majority of citizens believed that marijuana is a harmful drug that should be kept off the market and out of the hands of the public. However, a recent study conductedRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1145 Words   |  5 PagesLegalizing Marijuana Marijuana is a drug that has been actively used for centuries. This drug can be traced back to 2737 BC by the Chinese emperor Shen Nung. He spoke about the euphoric effects of Cannabis and even referred to it as the â€Å"Liberator of Sin.† Since early on, marijuana was seen as a medicinal plant that was recommended for medical uses. Marijuana is currently in schedule I, which means that physicians are not allowed to prescribe it in the United States (Hart, Ksir 2013). This drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1596 Words   |  7 Pages But what needs to be known before a user can safely and completely make the decision if trying Marijuana is a good idea? Many do not want the drug to be legalized because they claim that Cannabis is a â€Å"gateway drug†, meaning it will cause people to try harder drugs once their body builds up a resistance to Marijuana, because a stronger drug will be needed to reach a high state. This argument is often falsely related to the m edical side of the debate over legalization. It is claimed that this would

Chapter 16 The Goblet of Fire Free Essays

I don’t believe it!† Ron said, in a stunned voice, as the Hogwarts students filed back up the steps behind the party from Durmstrang. â€Å"Krum, Harry! Viktor Krum!† â€Å"For heaven’s sake, Ron, he’s only a Quidditch player,† said Hermione. â€Å"Only a Quidditch player?† Ron said, looking at her as though he couldn’t believe his ears. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter 16 The Goblet of Fire or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Hermione – he’s one of the best Seekers in the world! I had no idea he was still at school!† As they recrossed the entrance hall with the rest of the Hogwarts students heading for the Great Hall, Harry saw Lee Jordan jumping up and down on the soles of his feet to get a better look at the back of Krum’s head. Several sixth-year girls were frantically searching their pockets as they walked – â€Å"Oh I don’t believe it, I haven’t got a single quill on me -â€Å" â€Å"D’you think he’d sign my hat in lipstick?† â€Å"Really,† Hermione said loftily as they passed the girls, now squabbling over the lipstick. â€Å"I’m getting his autograph if I can,† said Ron. â€Å"You haven’t got a quill, have you, Harry?† â€Å"Nope, they’re upstairs in my bag,† said Harry. They walked over to the Gryffindor table and sat down. Ron took care to sit on the side facing the doorway, because Krum and his fellow Durmstrang students were still gathered around it, apparently unsure about where they should sit. The students from Beauxbatons had chosen seats at the Ravenclaw table. They were looking around the Great Hall with glum expressions on their faces. Three of them were still clutching scarves and shawls around their heads. â€Å"It’s not that cold,† said Hermione defensively. â€Å"Why didn’t they bring cloaks?† â€Å"Over here! Come and sit over here!† Ron hissed. â€Å"Over here! Hermione, budge up, make a space -â€Å" â€Å"What?† â€Å"Too late,† said Ron bitterly. Viktor Krum and his fellow Durmstrang students had settled themselves at the Slytherin table. Harry could see Malfoy, Crabbe, and Goyle looking very smug about this. As he watched, Malfoy bent forward to speak to Krum. â€Å"Yeah, that’s right, smarm up to him, Malfoy,† said Ron scathingly. â€Å"I bet Krum can see right through him, though†¦bet he gets people fawning over him all the time†¦.Where d’you reckon they’re going to sleep? We could offer him a space in our dormitory, Harry†¦I wouldn’t mind giving him my bed, I could kip on a camp bed.† Hermione snorted. â€Å"They look a lot happier than the Beauxbatons lot,† said Harry. The Durmstrang students were pulling off their heavy furs and looking up at the starry black ceiling with expressions of interest; a couple of them were picking up the golden plates and goblets and examining them, apparently impressed. Up at the staff table, Filch, the caretaker, was adding chairs. He was wearing his moldy old tailcoat in honor of the occasion. Harry was surprised to see that he added four chairs, two on either side of Dumbledore’s. â€Å"But there are only two extra people,† Harry said. â€Å"Why’s Filch putting out four chairs, who else is coming?† â€Å"Eh?† said Ron vaguely. He was still staring avidly at Krum. When all the students had entered the Hall and settled down at their House tables, the staff entered, filing up to the top table and taking their seats. Last in line were Professor Dumbledore, Professor Karkaroff, and Madame Maxime. When their headmistress appeared, the pupils from Beauxbatons leapt to their feet. A few of the Hogwarts students laughed. The Beauxbatons party appeared quite unembarrassed, however, and did not resume their seats until Madame Maxime had sat down on Dumbledore’s left-hand side. Dumbledore remained standing, and a silence fell over the Great Hall. â€Å"Good evening, ladies and gentlemen, ghosts and – most particularly – guests,† said Dumbledore, beaming around at the foreign students. â€Å"I have great pleasure in welcoming you all to Hogwarts. I hope and trust that your stay here will be both comfortable and enjoyable.† One of the Beauxbatons girls still clutching a muffler around her head gave what was unmistakably a derisive laugh. â€Å"No one’s making you stay!† Hermione whispered, bristling at her. â€Å"The tournament will be officially opened at the end of the feast,† said Dumbledore. â€Å"I now invite you all to eat, drink, and make yourselves at home!† He sat down, and Harry saw Karkaroff lean forward at once and engage him in conversation. The plates in front of them filled with food as usual. The house-elves in the kitchen seemed to have pulled out all the stops; there was a greater variety of dishes in front of them than Harry had ever seen, including several that were definitely foreign. â€Å"What’s that?† said Ron, pointing at a large dish of some sort of shellfish stew that stood beside a large steak-and-kidney pudding. â€Å"Bouillabaisse,† said Hermione. â€Å"Bless you,† said Ron. â€Å"It’s French,† said Hermione, â€Å"I had it on holiday summer before last. It’s very nice.† â€Å"I’ll take your word for it,† said Ron, helping himself to black pudding. The Great Hall seemed somehow much more crowded than usual, even though there were barely twenty additional students there; perhaps it was because their differently colored uniforms stood out so clearly against the black of the Hogwarts’ robes. Now that they had removed their furs, the Durmstrang students were revealed to be wearing robes of a deep bloodred. Hagrid sidled into the Hall through a door behind the staff table twenty minutes after the start of the feast. He slid into his seat at the end and waved at Harry, Ron, and Hermione with a very heavily bandaged hand. â€Å"Skrewts doing all right, Hagrid?† Harry called. â€Å"Thrivin’,† Hagrid called back happily. â€Å"Yeah, I’ll just bet they are,† said Ron quietly. â€Å"Looks like they’ve finally found a food they like, doesn’t it? Hagrid’s fingers.† At that moment, a voice said, â€Å"Excuse me, are you wanting ze bouillabaisse?† It was the girl from Beauxbatons who had laughed during Dumbledore’s speech. She had finally removed her muffler. A long sheet of silvery-blonde hair fell almost to her waist. She had large, deep blue eyes, and very white, even teeth. Ron went purple. He stared up at her, opened his mouth to reply, but nothing came out except a faint gurgling noise. â€Å"Yeah, have it,† said Harry, pushing the dish toward the girl. â€Å"You ‘ave finished wiz it?† â€Å"Yeah,† Ron said breathlessly. â€Å"Yeah, it was excellent.† The girl picked up the dish and carried it carefully off to the Ravenclaw table. Ron was still goggling at the girl as though he had never seen one before. Harry started to laugh. The sound seemed to jog Ron back to his senses. â€Å"She’s a veela!† he said hoarsely to Harry. â€Å"Of course she isn’t!† said Hermione tartly. â€Å"I don’t see anyone else gaping at her like an idiot!† But she wasn’t entirely right about that. As the girl crossed the Hall, many boys’ heads turned, and some of them seemed to have become temporarily speechless, just like Ron. â€Å"I’m telling you, that’s not a normal girl!† said Ron, leaning sideways so he could keep a clear view of her. â€Å"They don’t make them like that at Hogwarts!† â€Å"They make them okay at Hogwarts,† said Harry without thinking. Cho happened to be sitting only a few places away from the girl with the silvery hair. â€Å"When you’ve both put your eyes back in,† said Hermione briskly, â€Å"you’ll be able to see who’s just arrived.† She was pointing up at the staff table. The two remaining empty seats had just been filled. Ludo Bagman was now sitting on Professor Karkaroff’s other side, while Mr. Crouch, Percy’s boss, was next to Madame Maxime. â€Å"What are they doing here?† said Harry in surprise. â€Å"They organized the Triwizard Tournament, didn’t they?† said Hermione. â€Å"I suppose they wanted to be here to see it start.† When the second course arrived they noticed a number of unfamiliar desserts too. Ron examined an odd sort of pale blancmange closely, then moved it carefully a few inches to his right, so that it would be clearly visible from the Ravenclaw table. The girl who looked like a veela appeared to have eaten enough, however, and did not come over to get it. Once the golden plates had been wiped clean, Dumbledore stood up again. A pleasant sort of tension seemed to fill the Hall now. Harry felt a slight thrill of excitement, wondering what was coming. Several seats down from them, Fred and George were leaning forward, staring at Dumbledore with great concentration. â€Å"The moment has come,† said Dumbledore, smiling around at the sea of upturned faces. â€Å"The Triwizard Tournament is about to start. I would like to say a few words of explanation before we bring in the casket -â€Å" â€Å"The what?† Harry muttered. Ron shrugged. â€Å"- just to clarify the procedure that we will be following this year. But first, let me introduce, for those who do not know them, Mr. Bartemius Crouch, Head of the Department of International Magical Cooperation† – there was a smattering of polite applause – â€Å"and Mr. Ludo Bagman, Head of the Department of Magical Games and Sports.† There was a much louder round of applause for Bagman than for Crouch, perhaps because of his fame as a Beater, or simply because he looked so much more likable. He acknowledged it with a jovial wave of his hand. Bartemius Crouch did not smile or wave when his name was announced. Remembering him in his neat suit at the Quidditch World Cup, Harry thought he looked strange in wizard’s robes. His toothbrush mustache and severe parting looked very odd next to Dumbledore’s long white hair and beard. â€Å"Mr. Bagman and Mr. Crouch have worked tirelessly over the last few months on the arrangements for the Triwizard Tournament,† Dumbledore continued, â€Å"and they will be joining myself, Professor Karkaroff, and Madame Maxime on the panel that will judge the champions’ efforts.† At the mention of the word â€Å"champions,† the attentiveness of the listening students seemed to sharpen. Perhaps Dumbledore had noticed their sudden stillness, for he smiled as he said, â€Å"The casket, then, if you please, Mr. Filch.† Filch, who had been lurking unnoticed in a far corner of the Hall, now approached Dumbledore carrying a great wooden chest encrusted with jewels. It looked extremely old. A murmur of excited interest rose from the watching students; Dennis Creevey actually stood on his chair to see it properly, but, being so tiny, his head hardly rose above anyone else’s. â€Å"The instructions for the tasks the champions will face this year have already been examined by Mr. Crouch and Mr. Bagman,† said Dumbledore as Filch placed the chest carefully on the table before him, â€Å"and they have made the necessary arrangements for each challenge. There will be three tasks, spaced throughout the school year, and they will test the champions in many different ways.. their magical prowess – their daring – their powers of deduction – and, of course, their ability to cope with danger.† At this last word, the Hall was filled with a silence so absolute that nobody seemed to be breathing. â€Å"As you know, three champions compete in the tournament,† Dumbledore went on calmly, â€Å"one from each of the participating schools. They will be marked on how well they perform each of the Tournament tasks and the champion with the highest total after task three will win the Triwizard Cup. The champions will be chosen by an impartial selector: the Goblet of Fire.† Dumbledore now took out his wand and tapped three times upon the top of the casket. The lid creaked slowly open. Dumbledore reached inside it and pulled out a large, roughly hewn wooden cup. It would have been entirely unremarkable had it not been full to the brim with dancing blue-white flames. Dumbledore closed the casket and placed the goblet carefully on top of it, where it would be clearly visible to everyone in the Hall. â€Å"Anybody wishing to submit themselves as champion must write their name and school clearly upon a slip of parchment and drop it into the goblet,† said Dumbledore. â€Å"Aspiring champions have twenty-four hours in which to put their names forward. Tomorrow night, Halloween, the goblet will return the names of the three it has judged most worthy to represent their schools. The goblet will be placed in the entrance hall tonight, where it will be freely accessible to all those wishing to compete. â€Å"To ensure that no underage student yields to temptation,† said Dumbledore, â€Å"I will be drawing an Age Line around the Goblet of Fire once it has been placed in the entrance hall. Nobody under the age of seventeen will be able to cross this line. â€Å"Finally, I wish to impress upon any of you wishing to compete that this tournament is not to be entered into lightly. Once a champion has been selected by the Goblet of Fire, he or she is obliged to see the tournament through to the end. The placing of your name in the goblet constitutes a binding, magical contract. There can be no change of heart once you have become a champion. Please be very sure, therefore, that you are wholeheartedly prepared to play before you drop your name into the goblet. Now, I think it is time for bed. Good night to you all.† â€Å"An Age Line!† Fred Weasley said, his eyes glinting, as they all made their way across the Hall to the doors into the entrance hall. â€Å"Well, that should be fooled by an Aging Potion, shouldn’t it? And once your name’s in that goblet, you’re laughing – it can’t tell whether you’re seventeen or not!† â€Å"But I don’t think anyone under seventeen will stand a chance,† said Hermione, â€Å"we just haven’t learned enough†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Speak for yourself,† said George shortly. â€Å"You’ll try and get in, won’t you, Harry?† Harry thought briefly of Dumbledore’s insistence that nobody under seventeen should submit their name, but then the wonderful picture of himself winning the Triwizard Tournament filled his mind again†¦.He wondered how angry Dumbledore would be if someone younger than seventeen did find a way to get over the Age Line. â€Å"Where is he?† said Ron, who wasn’t listening to a word of this conversation, but looking through the crowd to see what had become of Krum. â€Å"Dumbledore didn’t say where the Durmstrang people are sleeping, did he?† But this query was answered almost instantly; they were level with the Slytherin table now, and Karkaroff had just bustled up to his students. â€Å"Back to the ship, then,† he was saying. â€Å"Viktor, how are you feeling? Did you eat enough? Should I send for some mulled wine from the kitchens?† Harry saw Krum shake his head as he pulled his furs back on. â€Å"Professor, Ivood like some vine,† said one of the other Durmstrang boys hopefully. â€Å"I wasn’t offering it to you, Poliakoff,† snapped Karkaroff, his warmly paternal air vanishing in an instant. â€Å"I notice you have dribbled food all down the front of your robes again, disgusting boy -â€Å" Karkaroff turned and led his students toward the doors, reaching them at exactly the same moment as Harry, Ron, and Hermione. Harry stopped to let him walk through first. â€Å"Thank you,† said Karkaroff carelessly, glancing at him. And then Karkaroff froze. He turned his head back to Harry and stared at him as though he couldn’t believe his eyes. Behind their headmaster, the students from Durmstrang came to a halt too. Karkaroff’s eyes moved slowly up Harry’s face and fixed upon his scar. The Durmstrang students were staring curiously at Harry too. Out of the corner of his eye, Harry saw comprehension dawn on a few of their faces. The boy with food all down his front nudged the girl next to him and pointed openly at Harry’s forehead. â€Å"Yeah, that’s Harry Potter,† said a growling voice from behind them. Professor Karkaroff spun around. Mad-Eye Moody was standing there, leaning heavily on his staff, his magical eye glaring unblinkingly at the Durmstrang headmaster. The color drained from Karkaroff’s face as Harry watched. A terrible look of mingled fury and fear came over him. â€Å"You!† he said, staring at Moody as though unsure he was really seeing him. â€Å"Me,† said Moody grimly. â€Å"And unless you’ve got anything to say to Potter, Karkaroff, you might want to move. You’re blocking the doorway.† It was true; half the students in the Hall were now waiting behind them, looking over one another’s shoulders to see what was causing the holdup. Without another word, Professor Karkaroff swept his students away with him. Moody watched him until he was out of sight, his magical eye fixed upon his back, a look of intense dislike upon his mutilated face. As the next day was Saturday, most students would normally have breakfasted late. Harry, Ron, and Hermione, however, were not alone in rising much earlier than they usually did on weekends. When they went down into the entrance hall, they saw about twenty people milling around it, some of them eating toast, all examining the Goblet of Fire. It had been placed in the center of the hall on the stool that normally bore the Sorting Hat. A thin golden line had been traced on the floor, forming a circle ten feet around it in every direction. â€Å"Anyone put their name in yet?† Ron asked a third-year girl eagerly. â€Å"All the Durmstrang lot,† she replied. â€Å"But I haven’t seen anyone from Hogwarts yet.† â€Å"Bet some of them put it in last night after we’d all gone to bed,† said Harry. â€Å"I would’ve if it had been me†¦wouldn’t have wanted everyone watching. What if the goblet just gobbed you right back out again?† Someone laughed behind Harry. Turning, he saw Fred, George, and Lee Jordan hurrying down the staircase, all three of them looking extremely excited. â€Å"Done it,† Fred said in a triumphant whisper to Harry, Ron, and Hermione. â€Å"Just taken it.† â€Å"What?† said Ron. â€Å"The Aging Potion, dung brains,† said Fred. â€Å"One drop each,† said George, rubbing his hands together with glee. â€Å"We only need to be a few months older.† â€Å"We’re going to split the thousand Galleons between the three of us if one of us wins,† said Lee, grinning broadly. â€Å"I’m not sure this is going to work, you know,† said Hermione warningly. â€Å"I’m sure Dumbledore will have thought of this.† Fred, George, and Lee ignored her. â€Å"Ready?† Fred said to the other two, quivering with excitement. â€Å"C’mon, then – I’ll go first -â€Å" Harry watched, fascinated, as Fred pulled a slip of parchment out of his pocket bearing the words Fred Weasley – Hogwarts. Fred walked right up to the edge of the line and stood there, rocking on his toes like a diver preparing for a fifty-foot drop. Then, with the eyes of every person in the entrance hall upon him, he took a great breath and stepped over the line. For a split second Harry thought it had worked – George certainly thought so, for he let out a yell of triumph and leapt after Fred – but next moment, there was a loud sizzling sound, and both twins were hurled out of the golden circle as though they had been thrown by an invisible shot-putter. They landed painfully, ten feet away on the cold stone floor, and to add insult to injury, there was a loud popping noise, and both of them sprouted identical long white beards. The entrance hall rang with laughter. Even Fred and George joined in, once they had gotten to their feet and taken a good look at each other’s beards. â€Å"I did warn you,† said a deep, amused voice, and everyone turned to see Professor Dumbledore coming out of the Great Hall. He surveyed Fred and George, his eyes twinkling. â€Å"I suggest you both go up to Madam Pomfrey. She is already tending to Miss Fawcett, of Ravenclaw, and Mr. Summers, of Hufflepuff, both of whom decided to age themselves up a little too. Though I must say, neither of their beards is anything like as fine as yours.† Fred and George set off for the hospital wing, accompanied by Lee, who was howling with laughter, and Harry, Ron, and Hermione, also chortling, went in to breakfast. The decorations in the Great Hall had changed this morning. As it was Halloween, a cloud of live bats was fluttering around the enchanted ceiling, while hundreds of carved pumpkins leered from every corner. Harry led the way over to Dean and Seamus, who were discussing those Hogwarts students of seventeen or over who might be entering. â€Å"There’s a rumor going around that Warrington got up early and put his name in,† Dean told Harry. â€Å"That big bloke from Slytherin who looks like a sloth.† Harry, who had played Quidditch against Warrington, shook his head in disgust. â€Å"We can’t have a Slytherin champion!† â€Å"And all the Hufflepuffs are talking about Diggory,† said Seamus contemptuously. â€Å"But I wouldn’t have thought he’d have wanted to risk his good looks.† â€Å"Listen!† said Hermione suddenly. People were cheering out in the entrance hall. They all swiveled around in their seats and saw Angelina Johnson coming into the Hall, grinning in an embarrassed sort of way. A tall black girl who played Chaser on the Gryffindor Quidditch team, Angelina came over to them, sat down, and said, â€Å"Well, I’ve done it! Just put my name in!† â€Å"You’re kidding!† said Ron, looking impressed. â€Å"Are you seventeen, then?† asked Harry. â€Å"Course she is, can’t see a beard, can you?† said Ron. â€Å"I had my birthday last week,† said Angelina. â€Å"Well, I’m glad someone from Gryffindor’s entering,† said Hermione. â€Å"I really hope you get it, Angelina!† â€Å"Thanks, Hermione,† said Angelina, smiling at her. Yeah, better you than Pretty-Boy Diggory, said Seamus, causing several Hufflepuffs passing their table to scowl heavily at him. â€Å"What’re we going to do today, then?† Ron asked Harry and Hermione when they had finished breakfast and were leaving the Great Hall. â€Å"We haven’t been down to visit Hagrid yet,† said Harry. â€Å"Okay,† said Ron, â€Å"just as long as he doesn’t ask us to donate a few fingers to the skrewts.† A look of great excitement suddenly dawned on Hermione’s face. â€Å"I’ve just realized – I haven’t asked Hagrid to join S.P.E.W. yet!† she said brightly. â€Å"Wait for me, will you, while I nip upstairs and get the badges?† â€Å"What is it with her?† said Ron, exasperated, as Hermione ran away up the marble staircase. â€Å"Hey, Ron,† said Harry suddenly. â€Å"It’s your friend†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The students from Beauxbatons were coming through the front doors from the grounds, among them, the veela-girl. Those gathered around the Goblet of Fire stood back to let them pass, watching eagerly. Madame Maxime entered the hall behind her students and organized them into a line. One by one, the Beauxbatons students stepped across the Age Line and dropped their slips of parchment into the blue-white flames. As each name entered the fire, it turned briefly red and emitted sparks. â€Å"What d’you reckon’ll happen to the ones who aren’t chosen?† Ron muttered to Harry as the veela-girl dropped her parchment into the Goblet of Fire. â€Å"Reckon they’ll go back to school, or hang around to watch the tournament?† â€Å"Dunno,† said Harry. â€Å"Hang around, I suppose†¦.Madame Maxime’s staying to judge, isn’t she?† When all the Beauxbatons students had submitted their names, Madame Maxime led them back out of the hall and out onto the grounds again. â€Å"Where are they sleeping, then?† said Ron, moving toward the front doors and staring after them. A loud rattling noise behind them announced Hermione’s reappearance with the box of S. P. E.W. badges. â€Å"Oh good, hurry up,† said Ron, and he jumped down the stone steps, keeping his eyes on the back of the veela-girl, who was now halfway across the lawn with Madame Maxime. As they neared Hagrid’s cabin on the edge of the Forbidden Forest, the mystery of the Beauxbatons’ sleeping quarters was solved. The gigantic powder-blue carriage in which they had arrived had been parked two hundred yards from Hagrid’s front door, and the students were climbing back inside it. The elephantine flying horses that had pulled the carriage were now grazing in a makeshift paddock alongside it. Harry knocked on Hagrid’s door, and Fang’s booming barks answered instantly. â€Å"‘Bout time!† said Hagrid, when he’d flung open the door. â€Å"Thought you lot’d forgotten where I live!† â€Å"We’ve been really busy, Hag -† Hermione started to say, but then she stopped dead, looking up at Hagrid, apparently lost for words. Hagrid was wearing his best (and very horrible) hairy brown suit, plus a checked yellow-and-orange tie. This wasn’t the worst of it, though; he had evidently tried to tame his hair, using large quantities of what appeared to be axle grease. It was now slicked down into two bunches – perhaps he had tried a ponytail like Bill’s, but found he had too much hair. The look didn’t really suit Hagrid at all. For a moment, Hermione goggled at him, then, obviously deciding not to comment, she said, â€Å"Erm – where are the skrewts.† â€Å"Out by the pumpkin patch,† said Hagrid happily. â€Å"They’re gettin’ massive, mus’ be nearly three foot long now. On’y trouble is, they’ve started killin’ each other.† â€Å"Oh no, really?† said Hermione, shooting a repressive look at Ron, who, staring at Hagrid’s odd hairstyle, had just opened his mouth to say something about it. â€Å"Yeah,† said Hagrid sadly. â€Å"S’ okay, though, I’ve got ’em in separate boxes now. Still got abou’ twenty.† â€Å"Well, that’s lucky,† said Ron. Hagrid missed the sarcasm. Hagrid’s cabin comprised a single room, in one corner of which was a gigantic bed covered in a patchwork quilt. A similarly enormous wooden table and chairs stood in front of the fire beneath the quantity of cured hams and dead birds hanging from the ceiling. They sat down at the table while Hagrid started to make tea, and were soon immersed in yet more discussion of the Triwizard Tournament. Hagrid seemed quite as excited about it as they were. â€Å"You wait,† he said, grinning. â€Å"You jus’ wait. Yer going ter see some stuff yeh’ve never seen before. Firs’ task†¦ah, but I’m not supposed ter say.† â€Å"Go on, Hagrid!† Harry, Ron, and Hermione urged him, but he just shook his head, grinning. â€Å"I don’ want ter spoil it fer yeh,† said Hagrid. â€Å"But it’s gonna be spectacular, I’ll tell yeh that. Them champions’re going ter have their work cut out. Never thought I’d live ter see the Triwizard Tournament played again!† They ended up having lunch with Hagrid, though they didn’t eat much – Hagrid had made what he said was a beef casserole, but after Hermione unearthed a large talon in hers, she, Harry, and Ron rather lost their appetites. However, they enjoyed themselves trying to make Hagrid tell them what the tasks in the tournament were going to be, speculating which of the entrants were likely to be selected as champions, and wondering whether Fred and George were beardless yet. A light rain had started to fall by midafternoon; it was very cozy sitting by the fire, listening to the gentle patter of the drops on the window, watching Hagrid darning his socks and arguing with Hermione about house-elves – for he flatly refused to join S.P.E.W. when she showed him her badges. â€Å"It’d be doin’ ’em an unkindness, Hermione,† he said gravely, threading a massive bone needle with thick yellow yarn. â€Å"It’s in their nature ter look after humans, that’s what they like, see? Yeh’d be makin’ ’em unhappy ter take away their work, an’ insutin’ ’em if yeh tried ter pay ’em.† â€Å"But Harry set Dobby free, and he was over the moon about it!† said Hermione. â€Å"And we heard he’s asking for wages now!† â€Å"Yeah, well, yeh get weirdos in every breed. I’m not sayin’ there isn’t the odd elf who’d take freedom, but yeh’ll never persuade most of ’em ter do it – no, nothin’ doin’, Hermione.† Hermione looked very cross indeed and stuffed her box of badges back into her cloak pocket. By half past five it was growing dark, and Ron, Harry, and Hermione decided it was time to get back up to the castle for the Halloween feast – and, more important, the announcement of the school champions. â€Å"I’ll come with yeh,† said Hagrid, putting away his darning. â€Å"Jus’ give us a sec.† Hagrid got up, went across to the chest of drawers beside his bed, and began searching for something inside it. They didn’t pay too much attention until a truly horrible smell reached their nostrils. Coughing, Ron said, â€Å"Hagrid, what’s that?† â€Å"Eh?† said Hagrid, turning around with a large bottle in his hand. â€Å"Don’ yeh like it?† â€Å"Is that aftershave?† said Hermione in a slightly choked voice. â€Å"Er – eau de cologne,† Hagrid muttered. He was blushing. â€Å"Maybe it’s a bit much,† he said gruffly. â€Å"I’ll go take it off, hang on†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He stumped out of the cabin, and they saw him washing himself vigorously in the water barrel outside the window. â€Å"Eau de cologne?† said Hermione in amazement. â€Å"Hagrid?† â€Å"And what’s with the hair and the suit?† said Harry in an undertone. â€Å"Look!† said Ron suddenly, pointing out of the window. Hagrid had just straightened up and turned ’round. If he had been blushing before, it was nothing to what he was doing now. Getting to their feet very cautiously, so that Hagrid wouldn’t spot them, Harry, Ron, and Hermione peered through the window and saw that Madame Maxime and the Beauxbatons students had just emerged from their carriage, clearly about to set off for the feast too. They couldn’t hear what Hagrid was saying, but he was talking to Madame Maxime with a rapt, misty-eyed expression Harry had only ever seen him wear once before – when he had been looking at the baby dragon, Norbert. â€Å"He’s going up to the castle with her!† said Hermione indignantly. â€Å"I thought he was waiting for us!† Without so much as a backward glance at his cabin, Hagrid was trudging off up the grounds with Madame Maxime, the Beauxbatons students following in their wake, jogging to keep up with their enormous strides. â€Å"He fancies her!† said Ron incredulously. â€Å"Well, if they end up having children, they’ll be setting a world record – bet any baby of theirs would weigh about a ton.† They let themselves out of the cabin and shut the door behind them. It was surprisingly dark outside. Drawing their cloaks more closely around themselves, they set off up the sloping lawns. â€Å"Ooh it’s them, look!† Hermione whispered. The Durmstrang party was walking up toward the castle from the lake. Viktor Krum was walking side by side with Karkaroff, and the other Durmstrang students were straggling along behind them. Ron watched Krum excitedly, but Krum did not look around as he reached the front doors a little ahead of Hermione, Ron, and Harry and proceeded through them. When they entered the candlelit Great Hall it was almost full. The Goblet of Fire had been moved; it was now standing in front of Dumbledore’s empty chair at the teachers’ table. Fred and George – clean-shaven again – seemed to have taken their disappointment fairly well. â€Å"Hope it’s Angelina,† said Fred as Harry, Ron, and Hermione sat down. â€Å"So do I!† said Hermione breathlessly. â€Å"Well, we’ll soon know!† The Halloween feast seemed to take much longer than usual. Perhaps because it was their second feast in two days, Harry didn’t seem to fancy the extravagantly prepared food as much as he would have normally. Like everyone else in the Hall, judging by the constantly craning necks, the impatient expressions on every face, the fidgeting, and the standing up to see whether Dumbledore had finished eating yet, Harry simply wanted the plates to clear, and to hear who had been selected as champions. At long last, the golden plates returned to their original spotless state; there was a sharp upswing in the level of noise within the Hall, which died away almost instantly as Dumbledore got to his feet. On either side of him, Professor Karkaroff and Madame Maxime looked as tense and expectant as anyone. Ludo Bagman was beaming and winking at various students. Mr. Crouch, however, looked quite uninterested, almost bored. â€Å"Well, the goblet is almost ready to make its decision,† said Dumbledore. â€Å"I estimate that it requires one more minute. Now, when the champions’ names are called, I would ask them please to come up to the top of the Hall, walk along the staff table, and go through into the next chamber† – he indicated the door behind the staff table – â€Å"where they will be receiving their first instructions.† He took out his wand and gave a great sweeping wave with it; at once, all the candles except those inside the carved pumpkins were extinguished, plunging them into a state of semidarkness. The Goblet of Fire now shone more brightly than anything in the whole Hall, the sparkling bright, bluey-whiteness of the flames almost painful on the eyes. Everyone watched, waiting†¦.A few people kept checking their watches†¦ â€Å"Any second,† Lee Jordan whispered, two seats away from Harry. The flames inside the goblet turned suddenly red again. Sparks began to fly from it. Next moment, a tongue of flame shot into the air, a charred piece of parchment fluttered out of it – the whole room gasped. Dumbledore caught the piece of parchment and held it at arm’s length, so that he could read it by the light of the flames, which had turned back to blue-white. â€Å"The champion for Durmstrang,† he read, in a strong, clear voice, â€Å"will be Viktor Krum.† â€Å"No surprises there!† yelled Ron as a storm of applause and cheering swept the Hall. Harry saw Viktor Krum rise from the Slytherin table and slouch up toward Dumbledore; he turned right, walked along the staff table, and disappeared through the door into the next chamber. â€Å"Bravo, Viktor!† boomed Karkaroff, so loudly that everyone could hear him, even over all the applause. â€Å"Knew you had it in you!† The clapping and chatting died down. Now everyone’s attention was focused again on the goblet, which, seconds later, turned red once more. A second piece of parchment shot out of it, propelled by the flames. â€Å"The champion for Beauxbatons,† said Dumbledore, â€Å"is Fleur Delacour!† â€Å"It’s her, Ron!† Harry shouted as the girl who so resembled a veela got gracefully to her feet, shook back her sheet of silvery blonde hair, and swept up between the Ravenclaw and Hufflepuff tables. â€Å"Oh look, they’re all disappointed,† Hermione said over the noise, nodding toward the remainder of the Beauxbatons party. â€Å"Disappointed† was a bit of an understatement, Harry thought. Two of the girls who had not been selected had dissolved into tears and were sobbing with their heads on their arms. When Fleur Delacour too had vanished into the side chamber, silence fell again, but this time it was a silence so stiff with excitement you could almost taste it. The Hogwarts champion next†¦ And the Goblet of Fire turned red once more; sparks showered out of it; the tongue of flame shot high into the air, and from its tip Dumbledore pulled the third piece of parchment. â€Å"The Hogwarts champion,† he called, â€Å"is Cedric Diggory!† â€Å"No! † said Ron loudly, but nobody heard him except Harry; the uproar from the next table was too great. Every single Hufflepuff had jumped to his or her feet, screaming and stamping, as Cedric made his way past them, grinning broadly, and headed off toward the chamber behind the teachers’ table. Indeed, the applause for Cedric went on so long that it was some time before Dumbledore could make himself heard again. â€Å"Excellent!† Dumbledore called happily as at last the tumult died down. â€Å"Well, we now have our three champions. I am sure I can count upon all of you, including the remaining students from Beauxbatons and Durmstrang, to give your champions every ounce of support you can muster. By cheering your champion on, you will contribute in a very real -â€Å" But Dumbledore suddenly stopped speaking, and it was apparent to everybody what had distracted him. The fire in the goblet had just turned red again. Sparks were flying out of it. A long flame shot suddenly into the air, and borne upon it was another piece of parchment. Automatically, it seemed, Dumbledore reached out a long hand and seized the parchment. He held it out and stared at the name written upon it. There was a long pause, during which Dumbledore stared at the slip in his hands, and everyone in the room stared at Dumbledore. And then Dumbledore cleared his throat and read out – â€Å"Harry Potter.† How to cite Chapter 16 The Goblet of Fire, Essay examples

Diagnosing Causes Organisational Challenge -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Diagnosing Causes Organisational Challenge? Answer: Introduction This report integrates management theories with practice and it equips with skills and knowledge necessary for an organisation to be successful. This report draws upon the concepts, tools and applications to broaden the awareness of external and internal environment of an organisation. The aim of the report is to highlight the external and internal factors that an organisation can face and subsequently re-define the management challenges in short and long-term basis. In this report, Aurecon Singapore has been chosen to show the external and internal environmental analysis. Management issues of Aurecon organisation are highlighted and the issues of the organisation can be solved through a combination of management practice and theory. This report is mainly based on secondary data of government reports, industry reports and organisational websites. Overview of the Aurecon Aurecon brings ideas to design a better future for mankind and they try to imagine what is possible. Aurecon tries to turn problems into a solution. Aurecon is an engineering, designing, planning, management and project management organisation. Aurecon is private organisation and it was founded in the year 2009. It has delivery centres in more than 27 countries and it has 80 offices across the globe. CEO of the organisation is Giam Swiegers and Aurecon has been doing notable projects in major parts of Asia. Revenue of the organisation was AUD 900 million dollars in 2016. Numbers of employees in the organisation touched 8000. Aurecon provides advisory, delivery and asset management services across a range of markets (Aurecongroup.com 2018). External Environment analysis Aurecon is in management consultancy industry. PESTEL analysis The political factors that can affect construction project and building designing are regarding the documentation and permits which the companies have to obtain in various stages. In Singapore, Government is robust on the impact of eco-system in construction project and government wants price must be competitive. Singapore government does not impose a new tax that may result in a change of the revenue generation. The political condition of Singapore is stable to flourish the business. Opportunity for construction engineering industry as Singapore economy is flourishing and high-technology in Singapore is also boosting up. Singapore economy is referred to as the most open in the world and it is helpful for pro-business. Current GDP of Singapore is US$ 305 billion and GDP growth is 5.3%. The inflation rate is Singapore is 0.4% and more than 4 million people are in labour force. In building designing and construction projects, the demand can touch US$ 20 billion by the end of 2020 and it was US$16 billion in the year 2016 (Straitstimes.com 2018). Opportunity in construction engineering is that Singapore has third highest per capita income economy, therefore, people can spend more on construction and other projects. Socio-cultural factors scrutinise the community and market factors. In Singapore, people spend lavish lifestyle as disposable income of the people is high. People as consumers change their preference in Singapore. Distribution of wealth in Singapore shows the figure of 0.426 and literacy rate is 95% (Straitstimes.com 2018). The threat in construction engineering is that Singapore is exposed to communal violence frequently that sets the cultural and social harmony back foot, it can lead to stoppage of projects. Singapore has comprehensive infrastructure sect up and it is technologically advanced. Construction of project and building design needs technology help and technology is making changes in the construction industry in Singapore as high technology sector in Singapore is enhancing its quality. Therefore, construction and project industries are observing development with a standalone system. Most of the companies in this industry are moving towards electronically advancement and it can bring opportunity. In Singapore, many of the high-technology companies are making its branch as people are literate and they want to spend more on RD. In Singapore, societies have strict legal norms and Singapore constitution is followed by all. Corruption level is lower than most of the countries as Corruption Perception Index is 9.2 out of 10. Employee policy favours the firms in Singapore and Singapore has SPRING Singapore to follow the Standards, Productivity and Innovation Board (Tremewan 2016). Singapore has Competition Commission and companies must follow the competition rules. In construction engineering, the environmental factor is very important as projects must not damage the environment. Singapore has tropical climate and rainfall can be observed throughout the year. Therefore, the threat is associated with construction companies as they need to use extra security for rains and designs can be influenced by this. Singapore is the member of Environmental Performance Index (EPI) (Rodan 2016). Porters five forces analysis Aurecon is in project management and engineering industry and in Singapore; the threat of new entrant is medium. The construction engineering is the third largest industry in Singapore and it is estimated to US$23 billion (Straitstimes.com 2018). It is not easy for a new company to enter in such a large market without any preparation. It is large scale industry and manpower is needed with the technological specification in order to enter in this field. Construction activities and project management are not fragmented in Singapore. Bargaining power of suppliers Aurecon works directly in projects and suppliers of construction and projects are there in the industry. Materials, technologies and contractors are the most important suppliers for Aurecon. In Singapore, the bargaining powers of suppliers are moderate as numbers of suppliers are not high. For suppliers, the industry is attractive as suppliers have many things to supply to engineering Consultants Company. This force is medium. Bargaining power of buyers In the market for engineering consultant, the market rivalries are large. Therefore the buyers can switch easily to other company. In addition, the customers of the service from Aurecon are large companies and they are rich. They research well about the price and companies have to quote the price. Aurecon works in different markets and therefore, numbers of customers are large for the company. This force is high. Threat of substitutes In Singapore, in the urban sector, construction engineering companies are making residential, commercial and industrial buildings along with roads, sewers, bridges and high ways. Substitutes in the market are high; however, in Singapore, it has already built Buddha Tooth Relic Temple, Crown Plaza hotel exterior, land Lease Regional Head Office and The Sail at Marina Bay (Aurecongroup.com 2018). Therefore, the threat of substitute is moderate. Rivalry in industry In Singapore, numbers of foreign workers are large and labour force is high with foreign workers. Engineering and construction companies in Singapore are many, Marx Construction Project, Faithful Gould, KTC, GS Engineering and Construction and CGW Construction and Engineering. International players are PWC, Deloitte and KPMG in Singapore market (Ahmadabadian et al. 2016). A price war is seen in the industry as offering lower price can attract the more customers. Therefore, industry rivalry is high in this industry for Aurecon. This force is high. Industry Life Cycle Curve The industry life cycle is based on mainly business characteristics and it has four phases. Industries are started when new service or product is developed and industry can face the issue of uncertainty of the market size. At the conception stage, early marketing and development of new service or product are started by engineering consultant Aurecon. Innovator Aurecon starts new service to enable the proliferation o offer. Consumers get to learn about the product or service and industry is fragmented in conception stage (Lpez-Gamero and Molina-Azorn 2015). Consumers get to know about new offering and its values. Consumers start to purchase the service or products. Similarly, in the growth stage, Aurecon offers the service to large numbers of customers and they establish a share in the market. In maturity period, the growth of the industry becomes slow and Aurecon focuses mostly on expense reduction. In maturity stage, Aurecon can also face that barrier to entry becomes higher. Aureco n in this stage starts to focus on market share and the primary goal of the company is cash flow. Management engineering consultancies industry is observing the maturity phase as companies are consolidating and level of economic importance is getting stable (Wheelen et al. 2017). High growth is observing in economic importance, technology and market are developing. In the declining phase, the engineering consulting industry is not able to support growth. It shows a decline in revenues and it also leads to weaker competitors out of the industry. Customers needs regarding operational performance Price: It is the amount that has to be paid in order to get the service. In Singapore market, Aurecon provides the service at less fixed cost as numbers of competitors are high. Customers want fewer prices with the highest value. Quality: Customers want consistent performance and the best quality from the companies. Customers want error-free service and maximum choice from companies. Customers want the best specification of the services and the services or products must be the best in the market. As stated by Grant (2016), quality management practices of the organisations must be transparent so that customers have the confidence to purchase the services or products. Dependability: As opined by Frank et al. (2015), dependability can be defined as the quality of being able to be counted or relied upon. Customers want to purchase from the organisation where they can invest without any a headache and they expect that the organisations must keep the promises. In engineering consulting service, customers want that they can depend on the organisations in construction or projects. Flexibility: Aurecon increased the business volume as the company generated $999,980,000 total revenue including sales and revenue. Aurecon is focusing to increase the delivery flexibility as it has more than 80 offices in more than 27 countries. Customers want maximum service flexibility to choose from (Aurecongroup.com 2018). Speed: Speed is the elapsed time between customers request the service and receiving the service back. In public sector engineering construction and projects, the speed of operation is slower than the private sector in Singapore (Bennett and Chorley 2015). Aurecons offerings to the performance objectives Aurecon provides best price offering in the Singapore market and the service is efficient for the customers. The company provides quality services to the customers aligning the top management commitment and leadership. Quality in engineering consultancy is related to the men, material, machines, money, metrics and methods (Chen and Duan 2014). In Singapore market, Aurecon provides the service at the competitive prices. The speed of the organisation differs as the project has to pass the government and local regulation. Aurecon provides delivery flexibility as it has many branches across the globe. The organisation has expertise in architecture and engineering company and it has service and products of construction property, manufacturing, property and defence. Organisations may have the best business strategy; however, they need to convert the strategy into action. Aurecon has threshold competence as it reserves the skills that an organisation needs to have to saleable the products or service to the customers (Chen and Shao 2017). Aurecon has engineering ideas in various markets and it has a number of subsidiaries as well. The organisation has financial viability; however, the presence of competitors in the market makes the situation hard for Aurecon. Resources Competencies Physical Machines, building, products, materials, patents, database, computer system Ways of achieving utilisation of plants, flexibility, efficiency and productivity Financial Cash flow, balance sheet, suppliers funds. Revenue of Aurecon was US$ 900 million dollar in 2016 Ability to raise funds and manage the cash flow, creditors and debtors Human Aurecon has more than 7000 employees all over the world and it has leaders, managers, suppliers and partners globally The organisation needs to use experience, skills, knowledge and build relationship to motivate other people Table 1: Strategic capabilities of Aurecon (Source: Self-developed) VIRO Analysis Valuable Rare Imitability Organisation Competitive implication Price positioning Yes Yes Yes No Aurecon has extra advantage in price war Market proximity Yes No Yes Yes Competitive advantage Innovation Yes Yes Yes Yes Aurecon likes to convert problem into solution Local adaptation Yes Yes No Yes International design in local areas International presence Yes Yes Yes Yes Aurecon has its office in more than 27 countries Customer service Yes No No Yes It offers service in many markets Table 2: VRIO analysis of Aurecon (Source: Self-developed) SWOT Analysis Strengths (S1) Have advanced technology (S2) Workforce stimulation (S3) Use of modern machinery (S4) Developed partnership with material suppliers and concrete manufacturer Weaknesses (W1) Capital expenditure by private sector (W2) Industry consolidation (W3) Value proposition (W4) Train the employees in engineering and consultancy environment and Uncoordinated workers Opportunities (O1) Favourable contractor terms and financing method (O2) Possibility of working on future projects (O3) Diversify business in many markets Threats (T1) Cost-conscious environment (T2) Expansion of AI (Artificial Intelligence) and VR (Virtual Reality) (T3) Hyper-competitive market Table 3: SWOT analysis of Aurecon (Source: Self-developed) Value chain analysis Support activities Firm infrastructure Aurecon has good infrastructure as in Australia they have more than 6000 employees and in Singapore, they have 1000 employees. The organisation has more than 88 branches in more than 27 countries. Every associate in business tries to reduce the cost of doing the business. Human resource management Overall, Aurecon has more than 10000 employees across the globe. Moreover, it has many labourers to complete their work and they work on contract basis. Technology development In last five years, mining-related project and large-scale infrastructure have been declined; therefore, Aurecon Singapore has declined the annualised expense in technology. Aurecon uses large construction technologies, designing software and engineering consulting technologies (Aurecongroup.com 2018). Procurement Aurecon purchases the goods and service and it processes different routes to construct or design the project. The process of purchasing the products follows the speed, cost, quality, financing and asset ownership. Primary activities Inbound logistics Aurecon does pre-planning when they work a project. They use broad network careers. Aurecon uses third-party logistics and they adhere to the strict rules of logistics. The company uses Last-in-first-out method in order to store the materials. Operations Aurecon makes the planning and designing the project. They talk to indirect suppliers and after that, they discuss to direct suppliers. Aurecon discusses with contractors. Contractors and Aurecon both discuss Contractee'. In operation process, Aurecon plans the project at the initial stage and they execute this after discussing the clients (Robinson and Choy 2016). Outbound logistics Movement of the materials from the storage is referred to outbound logistics. Aurecon does the designing and project engineering and they do it with coordination and equipment. Marketing and sales Aurecon has brand awareness in the Singapore and Australian market. They d the marketing through networking in business. Service They provide service on aviation, construction, defence, energy, education, health and manufacturing. Confrontation Matrix Opportunities Threats O1; Favourable contractor terms and financing method O2: Possibility of working in future projects O3: Diversify business in many markets T1: Cost-conscious environment T2: Expansion of AI (Artificial Intelligence) and VR (Virtual Reality) T3: Hyper-competitive market Strengths S1 2 3 1 2 S2 1 2 S3 3 S4 3 2 Weaknesses W1 2 3 W2 3 1 3 W3 2 3 2 W4 2 3 2 1 Table 4: Confrontation Matrix of Aurecon (Assigning 3 to the best one, 2 to the next best option and 1 to the next best option) (Source: Self-developed) SO: It is idea matrix and Aurecon can use their advanced technology in order to finish their future projects. They have markets in diverse fields and they can use their concentrators and suppliers. WT: Aurecon needs to avoid doing these. They need to train the employees in AI and VR. Aurecon needs to propose the value. WO: This is risky for Aurecon and capital expenditure in future projects need to check by Aurecon. ST: Aurecon can do multiple channel promotions to overcome the competitive threat and market consolidation issue. Problem Statement and challenges of the organisation Aurecon In Singapore, the management consultancies have demand and they have large corporate clients. The market researchers expect good growth in the market of Singapore and Australia. Issues from competition and industry consolidation In addition, Aurecon has been facing the issue of increased competition in the Singapore market after entering of PWC, KPMG and Deloitte. These companies are international players and they have a large market share in international market. In Singapore, engineering and consultancies companies have grown slowly due to the poor demand from the key downstream markets. Numbers of projects from other companies are going to increase in next five years. Aurecon needs to increase their market share by marketing and lobbying. Value proposition Singapore has a wealthy economy; however, an organisation needs to propose their values why a consumer must buy their service or products (Liao et al. 2015). Aurecon is in many markets; however, customers need to know their offerings. Therefore, Aurecon is facing the issue of the value proposition as they do not have the statement that convinces a consumer about their service. Train the employees in engineering and consultancy environment The management of Aurecon has been facing the issue of lack of experienced and trained employees. On-the-job training to the employees to train about specific skills is needed. Designing and project engineering works need both creativity and skills. The employees should know about using technologies and software as well. Conclusion It has been noted that management and consultancies companies have been facing the sloth economy in the industry in last five years. The industry is expected to increase in coming years as Singapore has a wealthy economy. Singapore has been observing an increasing amount of acquisition in engineering consultancy and industry value is added is growing faster than the economy. Aurecon is facing the issue of industry consolidation as many international players have come to Asia Pacific region. Aurecon brings the technological change in the market. Growing competition with existing companies and international companies can be challenging for Aurecon. Aurecon is facing the issue of lack of skilled and trained employees. Value proposition from Aurecon can increase their market value in Singapore market. Reference List Adriaenssens, S., Block, P., Veenendaal, D. and Williams, C. eds., 2014.Shell structures for architecture: form finding and optimization. Abingdon: Routledge. Ahmadabadian AH, Robson S, Boehm J, Shortis M, Wenzel K and Fritsch D, 2016, A comparison of dense matching algorithms for scaled surface reconstruction using stereo camera rigs, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 78, pp.157-167. Allee, V, 2015, "Value Network Analysis and Value Conversion of Tangible and Intangible Assets", Journal of Intellectual Capital, 9(1), pp.5-24. Aurecongroup.com. 2018.Markets. Available at: https://www.aurecongroup.com/markets [Accessed 13 Feb. 2018]. Barney, J.B., 2014.Gaining and sustaining competitive advantage. Sydney: Pearson higher ed. Bennett, R.J. and Chorley, R.J., 2015.Environmental systems: philosophy, analysis and control. Princeton University Press. Chao, E.J., 2017. Core Corporate Strategic Capabilities: Role of Corporate Capabilities, Integrity, Institutions, and Implications Toward Sustainable Corporate Reputation and Performance. InThe Customer is NOT Always Right? Marketing Orientations in a Dynamic Business World, pp. 759-759. Chen, W.F. and Duan, L. eds., 2014.Bridge engineering handbook: construction and maintenance. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Chen, X. and Shao, Y., 2017. Trade policies for a small open economy: The case of Singapore.The World Economy,40(11), pp.2500-2511. Chetty, S., Ojala, A. and Leppaho, T., 2015. Effectuation and foreign market entry of entrepreneurial firms.European Journal of Marketing,49(9/10), pp.1436-1459. Frank, A.G., Ribeiro, J.L.D. and Echeveste, M.E., 2015. Factors influencing knowledge transfer between NPD teams: a taxonomic analysis based on a sociotechnical approach.RD Management,45(1), pp.1-22. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. New York: John Wiley Sons. Johnson, G., 2016.Exploring strategy: text and cases. Sydney: Pearson Education. Laufs, K. and Schwens, C., 2014. Foreign market entry mode choice of small and medium-sized enterprises: A systematic review and future research agenda.International Business Review,23(6), pp.1109-1126. Liao, T.S., Rice, J. and Lu, J.C., 2015. The vicissitudes of competitive advantage: Empirical evidence from Australian manufacturing SMEs.Journal of Small Business Management,53(2), pp.469-481. Lpez-Gamero, M.D. and Molina-Azorn, J.F., 2016. Environmental management and firm competitiveness: the joint analysis of external and internal elements.Long Range Planning,49(6), pp.746-763. Pinto, J.K., 2015.Project management: achieving competitive advantage. London: Prentice Hall. Robinson, E. and Choy, K.M., 2016. The Singapore Economy in 2065: Returning to Our Roots. InSINGAPORE 2065: Leading Insights on Economy and Environment from 50 Singapore Icons and Beyond(pp. 199-204). Rodan, G., 2016.The political economy of Singapore's industrialization: national state and international capital. Berlin: Springer. The Straits Times. 2018.Latest SINGAPORE ECONOMY News Headlines, Top Stories Today - The Straits Times. Available at: https://www.straitstimes.com/tags/singapore-economy [Accessed 13 Feb. 2018]. Tremewan, C., 2016.The political economy of social control in Singapore. Springer. Wheelen, T.L., Hunger, J.D., Hoffman, A.N. and Bamford, C.E., 2017.Strategic management and business policy. Sydney: Pearson. Threat of substitutes

Research Methodology Methods and Techniques

Methodology During the study there is there is a process which involves the preparation of the report which includes data collection, analysis and inference. This section of the research proposal will show us the methods to be used in the study.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The section is important as it would guide the reader on the methods used to come up with the report. The areas to be covered under this research entail the research design, definition of the population to be used for the study, the sampling techniques and then the data collection and analysis methods. Research design The study will rotate around evaluating the role of stakeholders in the cosmetic industry both in the retail trade and the direct trade or network marketing and compare them as well as seeing how they influence each other (Shepard, 1999). In addition, the research will also be shaped and designed to help in the achievement of the objectives set out by the researcher under the research objectives. Population The population to be used in the study is diverse and it ranges from performers in the same industry, competitors of the same industry and those in the retail industry. Therefore exploratory research is to be used in this case since there is less information at hand and there is no recorded data about the same that can be used as reference. Data collection For the sole purpose of this research, and also in order to achieve the objectives data will be collected using both the primary and secondary data collection methods. The secondary data collected will help us for a backing and strong grounds for our introductory remarks which are both vital and needed also by the researcher in order to build on the project positively. The reader to the research will also be assisted by the secondary data to comprehend more thorou ghly the outcomes of the research and even be able to analyze the interpretations of the outcomes.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Primary data on the other hand shall be collected using two approaches or ways. The first way will require that a questionnaire survey is constructed and used to question the stakeholders in the cosmetics industry. Then secondly, interviews will also be carried, the forms of interviews may be face to face for respondents who are highly reachable and accessible while telephone interviews will also be done to those who cannot be reached easily. This is due to the wide nature of the cosmetics industry. The respondents in this case will be competitors in the industry who are both internal and external. Relevant authority will also be questioned and interviewed. Samples and sampling designs For the purpose of generalization and fair outcome it would ha ve been highly acceptable if all the elements of the population would be studied, but this is not possible due to the large number (Dawson, Catherine, 2002). The impossibility of this compels the researcher to resort to the use of just a sample or a portion of the population to be used for the study. A sample in this case is a portion of the elements taken from a population, and it is considered or taken to be representative of the entire population under study. As noted earlier primary data will be collected using the questionnaire technique where questionnaires shall be prepared and distributed to the target respondents for responses. The sampling method to be adopted in this case is the random probability sampling method since the sample selected of 150 elements of the population is within the normally required limit of if above 30 then below 500 elements (Kothari, 1985).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is the appropriate sample in this case; therefore 150 questionnaires will be prepared to be distributed for responses. Also, the interview technique will be used alongside the questionnaires; the interview exercise will be conducted across the board within the industry. The questionnaire A questionnaire is a tool that is normally used to collect or gather information that is of interest to the study that is normally undertaken. In this research closed ended questions will be constructed, this is due to the need to narrow down the exercise (Kumar, and Ranjit, 2005). The exercise is narrowed down in the sense that respondents are able to strictly choose on from a fixed set of responses. In this case the analysis and interpretation is also made easier since statistical analysis can then be employed. The only demerit with the questionnaires is that they are likely to create bias in case the right resp onses are not among the choices. The interview technique An interview schedule may or may not be prepared depending on the type of audience to be interviewed as well as the nature. Personal interviews may require the schedules since they are always conducted so as to help in the achievement of data collection (Benslaben, 1992). Telephone interviews are only done in instances where the respondents had to be collected from as a matter of fact and they themselves cannot be reached at face value. Reference List Saunders, M., Lewis, P., Thornhill, A. Research Methods for Business Students (4th ed.) Harlow, England: FT Prentice Hall, 2007.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Blumberg, B., Cooper, D.R., and Schindler, P.S. Business Research Methods, Maidenhead, McGraw-Hill, 2005. Dawson, Catherine, Practical Research Methods, New Delhi, UBS Publishers’ Distributors, 2002. Kothari, C.R., Research Methodology- Methods and Techniques, New Delhi, Wiley Eastern Limited, 1985. Kumar, Ranjit, Research Methodology-A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners, (2nd.ed.), Singapore, Pearson Education, 2005. Benslaben, J. Predictive Modeling. In E. Nash (Ed.). The Direct Marketing Handbook. London: London Bookstores, 1992. Shepard, D. The New Direct Marketing, 3d ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999. This research paper on Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques was written and submitted by user Billy A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

early 1800s essays

early 1800s essays There were many changes taking place in the US around the year 1800. The frontier land was constantly being pushed back by new settlements and would contribute to the history of slavery and African Americans. Louisana was purchased in 1803 and freedom-loving young settlers as well as successful cotton plantation masters moved west to try and exploit the unsettled land. This conflict was complicated by the Industrial revolution and development of the cotton gin which only promoted the use of slavery. The freedom-loving young settlers I mentioned were only one brand of explorers to the West. The other type of settler was the freedom-loving exploit whoever I can along the way type of settler who took many slaves with them and used the West to expand cotton production. African Americans played a large role in the exploration of the West. When Lewis and Clark set out in 1803 to explore the Louisiana Territory, Clark took his trusted slave York along. York distracted the Indians and provided food for Lewis and Clark through his skilled hunting and fishing. After the expedition was over, York was given his freedom and it is said that he returned to the West and became an Indian chief. The fur trade allowed many blacks to take a leading role in establishing the West. Africans bridged the gap between Indians and Europeans and became key to the success of the fur trade in these developing states. The exploration of the West was slowed by the political stress of this time period. The War of 1812 offered African-Americans yet another chance to serve their country. While blacks werent recruited as such to fight in the war, many blacks took up arms. New York, however, in 1814 passed an act that would raise two regiments of men of color. Each regiment would have about 1000 blacks that would be paid equal to that of whites. General Andrew Jackson, needing more soldiers, recruited many blacks to his company in the fall ...

Binge Eating Disorder Essay Example for Free (#2)

Binge Eating Disorder Essay For centuries, many psychological disorders had plagued mankind. Humanity has suffered from many psychological disorders such as anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder and many more. One kind of disorder that rose in numbers in the twenty-first century are eating disorders. Eating disorders can be categorized into three types. Theses are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. Of the three types of eating disorder, binge eating disorder is more complex when it comes to its symptoms and manifestations. To further understand binge eating disorder, we must first understand what are eating disorders and what factors can affect people who manifest these kinds of disorder. Eating disorders are disorders of eating habits of individuals. According to social-cultural theorist, most eating disorders usually are common in cultures where the thinness of the body is considered attractive and more acceptable (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). The factors that affect eating disorders can range from a person’s culture, environment, his/her family background, genealogy and biological factors. In the three kinds of eating disorder, anorexia nervosa is a disorder where one refuses to eat to become fat. A common practice of anorexic patients is to purge their food when they felt that they had taken a lot of it (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). The disorder is deadly and can kill almost 15 percent of its victims (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). If anorexia nervosa is self-starvation, bulimia nervosa is binging or eating excessively then purging it through various methods. Now, we focus on binge eating disorder. If the two other eating disorder’s goal is to keep their body thin and slim. Binge eating disorder is making the body fatter and overweight. The common practice of people with binge eating disorder is eating excessively when they feel anxious about something. They will eat out and eat as much food as they can even if they are not hungry. It sort of becoming their initial reaction to a stressor and becomes a habit (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). The big difference in binge eating disorder than bulimia is that binge eating disorder victims don’t purge (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). They don’t engage in behaviors that will cause them to vomit. Binge sessions of victims are usually habitual and episodic. This means they engage in binging in a particular time. Studies have shown that people who are obese and over weight are common people with binge eating disorder (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006).. A study showed that 30 percent of people who undergo weight loss programs are actually having binge eating disorder. The peculiarity of this disorder is that even though this disorder is making the people unhealthy and obese, psychologist and health professionals think that having a binge eating disorder is better than having anorexia or bulimia. Usually African Americans are more affected by this disorder than European Americans (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). Similar to anorexia and bulimia, binge eating disorder is more common to females (Bierma, 1999). The disorder is associated with many disorders namely depression and anxiety (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). People who have binge eating disorder have low self-esteem and want to eliminate their binging. They feel sickened by the thought of being fat and usually tries to undergo weight-loss programs and frequent tries in dieting. The problem is they can’t stop binging until they sought help from the professional. Binge eating disorder as of today is still not counted as a formal eating disorder in DSM-IV by psychologists (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). This is due to the fact that psychologists think more studies should be done to support and sanction the diagnostic of this disorder. The binge eating disorder can be found on the appendix of the DSM-IV for further study (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). There are many causes why people get binge eating disorder. Many psychologists can attribute that the rise in eating disorders in our time is mainly due to our social norms (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). To further explain binge eating disorder, the factors that triggers this kind of behavior is needed to be understood. The most important fact we must know is that our society today has social pressures and norms. Many cultures put pressure to women to be slim and thin. There are cultural differences throughout the world. In places and time where wealthy people value heavier weight as more beautiful, eating disorder become less likely in the population. People in less developed countries view people with heaviness as beautiful because it shows that the person can afford to buy food and is wealthy (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). In America, the rise of fashion magazines that embraces beauty as something slim and skinny in the 90’s made many American teens more prone to become anorexic. The icons of beauty in a specific era also can predict the trends in eating behaviors in women. The cultural norms of attractiveness also affect people who can get eating disorder like binge eating (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). If a person sees that becoming fat and gaining weight can help him achieve his desired level of attractiveness, he will try to eat more in order to gain weight. Another deadly cause of binge eating disorder is that people who suffer from it view food as a way of coping to their negative emotions. In some cases, sexual abuse in the past can also trigger binge eating disorder because it raises the anxiety level of the person (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). The cognitive reasoning of an individual also affects the development of binge eating disorder. As we discussed, binge eating disorder is an impulsive behavior. The victims usally act before thinking. This kind of impulse is hard to control and is hard to regulate on its own. Biologically, people who suffer from binge eating disorder might have predisposition to depression (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). Depression usually triggers the binge eating session and makes victims more susceptible to binge just to feel good again. Findings also show that irregularity in the hypothalamus in the brain could be a cause of binge eating disorder and other types of eating disorder (Lyness, 2006). Hypothalamus regulates our eating habit and feeling of hunger (Lyness, 2006). This part of the brain is where our body sends a signal if a certain nutrient is insufficient or excessive. Another part of the brain which acts as relay centers of the message our body gives to the brain are neurotransmitters. Serotonin which is an important in cases of depression and anxiety plays a big role in eating disorders. Patterns of binging behaviors can stem from irregularities in serotonin (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). Lastly, obesity which is found in most binge eaters is found in the genes (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). This means that people are sometimes predisposed to be obese thus making them eat more. Binge eating disorder has many health consequences like gallbladder disorder, high blood pressure, diabetes etc (Unknown, 2005). Binge Eating Disorder. (2016, Aug 07).

African films Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

African films - Assignment Example The use of silence was a tool that disempowered women in the palace by not allowing them to speak about what was happening to them in their life. If they were forced into a behavior they did not want, they were expected to remain silent about the situation. If they were sick, they bore their pain in silence. The women knew what was going on in the palace, but were not allowed to talk to anyone about what they knew. If the woman was not married, the name of the father of any children was never uttered (Tlatti, 1994). The women were considered household slaves and were not allowed to leave the house, were expected to cook, clean, and perform any other duties, as requested by the family, without saying a word. They talked among themselves, but even that conversation was limited. Each woman had to bare her own burden in silence. The only way this silence could have been used to empower the women is if they would have been able to communicate with the outside world and then the family wou ld have had to pay them to keep quiet about the affairs of the palace. Sexual violence was included in the lives of these women, but none of them were allowed to have a voice in the situation. The women were not allowed to refuse, they could fight back until they were over powered, but the act would still take place if the man wanted it to happen (Tlatti, 1994). None of the other women were allowed to come to the aid of anyone being forced and the harm that was caused was not discussed by the victim. If medical attention was needed, a nurse was summoned. Demanding that a woman have an abortion is just as violent and results in death as other violent acts that can and have been performed on people in society. Making sure the slave/servant women remained in the home at all cost required that all births happened without any medical intervention (Tlatti, 1994). This could also be considered a form

Written Critical Analysis of a Literary Poetry To his Love by Ivor Essay

Written Critical Analysis of a Literary Poetry To his Love by Ivor Gurney - Essay Example Gurney loved the countryside and often took long walks enjoying its beauty. He started composing music in 1904 at the age of 14. His scholarship enabled him to enroll himself at the Royal College of Music in 1911, but his mood swings made it difficult for him to focus on academic work. He suffered from bipolar, manic depression, poor health, and had his first breakdown in 1913. After convalescing, he returned to college (Pamela Blevins, 2008, p77) World War I had an adverse effect on Gurney’s college education and that is the time when he chose to enlist as a private. He was deployed at the Western Front where he seriously took to writing poetry. (Michael Hurd, 2011) It was rather unfortunate that he was badly wounded in April 1917, when he was in the middle of writing poems. After recovering, he went back to the front. Another very unfortunate mishap that took place was that Gurney was senselessly gassed four months later, and had to be hospitalized. However, once again he to ok to writing poetry once he was discharged from hospital. But as fate would have it, once again he suffered a serious breakdown in March 1918 and yet once more, spent his time composing and writing poetry during his stint in hospital. After gradually regaining his emotional stability, he was discharged honorably from Lamia Benmoussa 3 the army in October 1918. He returned to the Royal College of Music, but sadly his mental stability continued to worsen and he was finally forced to drop out. He had suffered so much in life and by 1922, his family declared him to be insane. The following fifteen years of his life was spent in different asylums but still continued his writing during those bitter years. He contacted tuberculosis, became very sick and breathed his last on December 26th 1937 at the age of 47, in the City of London Mental Hospital. (Stuart Lee, The Ivor Gurney Collection). Gurney wrote his first elegiac World War I poem â€Å"To His Love† from the deep trenches at Seaton Delaval, Northumberland in 1917. His poetic technique was simplistic yet captivated the reader to focus upon the goodness of common things. His poems highlight conflicting memories that reflected the pain and trauma in his life. Gurney’s poetry is one that seeks simple honesty in the middle of contemporary ideas and other commonplace expressions. In his poems, he expresses the after-effects of gas and the trauma he faced while at the front, and about his experiences following his discharge from the Army. (Jennifer Kilgore-Caradec, p.38) In the poem, â€Å"To His Love†, Gurney begins on a sober note with a traditional sort of elegy, reminiscing about the happy days spent in the past, with his friend, but sadly now he lies dead. He is unable to even glance at his friend’s lacerated body and filled with grief, expresses himself through a note of rising hysteria as Lamia Benmoussa 4 he feels helpless in trying to erase the grotesque memory of his beloved frie nd. (Glynn Maxwell, 2011). There is mention of the River Severn and Gloucestershire, where, together in the company of his dear friend, are associated with two themes in the poem. The poem is a soliloquy and an elegy in which one of the soldiers is found talking to the fiance’ or the girlfriend about the death of a soldier. He mourns with grief at this loss and regrets that he has lost the company of this soldier forever and will never be able to redeem that pleasure again. Gurney’s inspiration for this poem was drawn from the supposed death of Willy Harvey who was his dearest friend, in August 1916. When his friend was alive they had spent such wonderful days together, but now the poem describes the harsh reality of his friend’s death which is described in this poem. In fact, Harvey was taken as

IDS compares Essay Example for Free

IDS compares Essay These techniques usually base their performance on two detection paradigms as the main attacks in spite of whether they are network or hot based architecture. Some of these models are the misuse detection models and anomaly detection models. The misuse detection model, the IDS compares the new sequences of the parameters in the input. The application matches the commands of the HTTP protocol where a database of signatures which signify the attacks that have been identified and classified before is known (Aquino et al, 2008). This model revises and improves the disruptive commands when it experiences attacks. The misuse detection model is not the best model to be used and it’s used as an alternative for efficiency in the medium. It can be lead to the new variations of the attacks experienced before to elude the network security. The anomaly detection model detects interruption by searching abnormal network traffic. It detects deviation by finding patterns on data from internet (Aquino et al, 2008). Example The testing of multilayer feed forward network can be done using two layers which are hidden and have15 neurons each and a 5 output neurons for a 5 possible attacks. The network is then equipped with a flexible transmission algorithm with the neurons being sigmoid. After being trained with a dataset of 70 % it reaches a predictable error target of 0. 015 upon completion of the training sequence. When choosing the number of neurons per hidden layer, the calculation is done by subtracting the number of neurons in the output layer from the number of inputs in the system (Aquino et al, 2008). Advantages and Disadvantages Voip protocol is a security system which is designed in such a way that it optimizes the communication of aural by the use of internet (Millions, 2008). Comparing Voip (Voice over Internet Protocol) to other security protocols, there are a number of advantages which makes Voip remain the choice of many in the present world. Therefore, Voice over Internet Protocol is efficient when it comes to their cost. Voip uses public switched telephone network. The IPSec secures the low level system packets in order for the system of computers to be protected over insecure channels which are inclusive of internet and hire lines. Voip can easily add more lines whereas the other protocols cannot. It is hard to break into the safety of the system especially when there is encryption. Once there is power failure phones can still be used (Millions, 2008). Disadvantages There is occurrence of inconveniences in the structure once there is a large torrent of information being transferred in Voip. There is also a possibility of jitter data transfer conundrum occurrence in the system if the right precautions are not taken. Due to difficulty in the relocation of information, this can result to low overhaul superiority. Therefore, this can result into failure of the voice for the final consumers (Millions, 2008). Cryptanalysis Report Organizations are faced with the problem of receiving encrypted messages from their clients. In order to support the clients, organizations need to understand how to decrypt the encrypted messages. In most cases, the management of the organization and the clients usually use a single-key also known as the private-key in the encryption and the decryption of the messages. This kind of encryption is known as symmetrical encryption and is widely used by many people. The original message is usually referred to as a plaintext while the encrypted message is referred to as a ciphertext (Brown, 2007, p. 4). In symmetric algorithm, the same key is used for both the encryption and the decryption process (Vajda, 2003, p.3). The algorithm that the sender uses for changing the plaintext to a ciphertext is known as cipher. Since Charles Smith, a full-time associate in McKay IT service went on a business trip without carrying the logbook of the security protocols, there is need of using the process of cryptanalysis. This is method of code breaking the ciphertext without the use of the private key (Brown, 2007, p. 4). The process by which an original message is encrypted is shown by the formula E (M) = C. in which E is the function of encryption, M is the message and C is the Ciphertext. For decrypting the ciphertext, the receiver needs to use the formula D (C) = M so as to get the original message. In which D is the function of decryption, C is the Ciphertext and M is the original message (Vajda, 2003, p. 1). The algorithms of encryption and decryption use the private key known to the sender and the receiver only. Therefore, the proper formula to use in both the encryption and decryption process is C = EK (M) and M = DK (C) in which K is the private Key (Vajda, 2003, p. 1). Cryptanalytic attacks occur when a person attempts a cryptanalysis of a ciphertext (Vajda, 2003, p. 3). There are different types of cryptanalytic attacks from the sender. But for the purpose of this study, the ciphertext only attack will be used. This is because Charles and I as the consultant only know the ciphertext (Brown, 2007, p. 9). A person can use brute force search in the process of cryptanalysis by trying all possible keys (Brown, 2007, p. 11). Plaintext letter are usually substituted by number, symbols or even other letter to form the ciphertext. In this case, ciphertext that have been sent by the client has been replaced by other letters as shown For an effective cryptanalysis, one needs to know the type of cipher that was used. One should also measure the complexity of the attack to ensure effective cryptanalysis such as complexity of the data. Complexity of the data is the data amount that needs to be decrypted. The complexity of the process also needs to be measured such as the time needed for performing the attack. Lastly, one needs to have enough storage memory for the performing the attack (Vajda, 2003, p. 6). In ciphertext only attacks, given that C1 = Ek (P1) and Ci = Ek (Pi). In deducing P1 and Pi, Ci + 1 = Ek (Pi + 1). In cases, where the ciphertext only is available, it is hard to recover the plaintext. Therefore one can use the cryptanalysis of the Caesar cipher by trying the possible 25 shifts of keys in order to substitute the letters in the ciphertext to get the plaintext (Brown, 2007). One way of avoiding the cryptanalysis is by ensuring that the private key is only known to the sender and the receiver of the message. People should also ensure that while sending the encrypted, they give the sender the hint of the key used. Conclusion Appropriate models of computer security protocols have been proposed all through the discussion. Attacks in the system security protocols can be detected by the use of different models. These models include the misuse detection models and anomaly detection models. The attacks that influence the protocols lead to delays in the security system. Services can be denied through a brute force attack on the server processing speed or the band width. If the security qualification of the server has part of it as authentication value, then the computation is necessary in response to every qualification request which is valid. References Alarcon-Aquino, V. , Mejia Sanchez, J. A. , Rosas-Romero, R. , Ramirez-Cruz, J. F. (2005). Detecting and Classifying Attacks in Computer Networks Using Feed-forward and Elman Neural Networks. Proceedings of the 1st European Conference on Computer Network Defense, EC2ND 2005. Wales, UK: Springer Verlag. Aquino, V. A. , Clavel C. A. , Asomoza J. R, Starostenko, O. , Romero, R. R. (2008). Intrusion detection and Classification of attacks in High-Level Network protocols Using Recurrent Neural Networks. Retrieved December 18, 2008, from http://www.articleworld.org/Technology